This library lists typical fatty acid profiles, commonly quoted comedogenic ratings, texture, shelf life, melting points and usage rates for the 115 carrier oils and butters sold by The Skin Science Company. All values are typical ranges from published fatty acid literature and supplier data, and they vary by batch, origin and processing, so check the batch COA for exact figures.
How to use this library
- Use the composition tables to compare fatty acids. Oleic rich oils feel richer and keep longer; linoleic and alpha-linolenic rich oils feel lighter and oxidise faster.
- Use the usage tables for texture, comedogenic rating, shelf life and typical use levels.
- Comedogenic ratings are approximate. They come from older tests on pure materials and do not reliably predict how a finished product behaves on skin.
- Shelf life assumes the oil is kept cool, dark and tightly closed. Always follow the best before date on the batch COA.
- "Minor" means typically under about 2%. "Varies" means published data is limited or the product is a blend, so use the batch COA or specification.
Plant oils: fatty acid composition
| Oil | INCI | Oleic (%) | Linoleic (%) | Alpha-linolenic (%) | Palmitic (%) | Stearic (%) | Notable others (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acai Berry Oil | Euterpe Oleracea Fruit Oil | 50 to 60 | 8 to 13 | minor | 22 to 28 | 1 to 3 | Palmitoleic 3 to 6 |
| Almond Oil (Sweet) | Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis Oil | 60 to 78 | 15 to 30 | minor | 5 to 9 | 1 to 3 | |
| Apple Seed Oil | Pyrus Malus Seed Oil | 25 to 40 | 45 to 60 | minor | 5 to 9 | 1 to 3 | |
| Apricot Kernel Oil | Prunus Armeniaca Kernel Oil | 58 to 74 | 20 to 34 | minor | 4 to 7 | 1 to 2 | |
| Argan Oil | Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil | 43 to 50 | 29 to 36 | minor | 11 to 15 | 4 to 7 | Natural tocopherols |
| Avocado Oil | Persea Gratissima Oil | 50 to 74 | 8 to 20 | minor | 10 to 25 | minor | Palmitoleic 2 to 12 |
| Banana Seed Oil | Musa Paradisiaca Seed Oil | varies | varies | varies | varies | varies | |
| Baobab Seed Oil | Adansonia Digitata Seed Oil | 30 to 42 | 25 to 35 | minor | 18 to 30 | 2 to 6 | Cyclopropenoid fatty acids present |
| Batana Oil | Elaeis Oleifera Seed Oil | varies | varies | varies | varies | varies | |
| Black Cumin Seed Oil | Nigella Sativa Seed Oil | 20 to 25 | 50 to 60 | minor | 10 to 13 | 2 to 4 | Eicosadienoic 2 to 3; thymoquinone present |
| Blackberry Seed Oil | Rubus Fruticosus Seed Oil | 13 to 20 | 53 to 63 | 12 to 20 | 3 to 5 | 1 to 3 | |
| Blackcurrant Seed Oil | Ribes Nigrum Seed Oil | 9 to 13 | 45 to 50 | 10 to 15 | 6 to 8 | 1 to 2 | GLA 14 to 20; stearidonic 2 to 4 |
| Blueberry Seed Oil | Vaccinium Corymbosum Seed Oil | 18 to 25 | 38 to 45 | 22 to 33 | 4 to 7 | 1 to 3 | |
| Borage Seed Oil | Borago Officinalis Seed Oil | 15 to 20 | 35 to 40 | minor | 9 to 12 | 3 to 5 | GLA 18 to 25; gondoic 3 to 6; erucic 1.5 to 3.5 |
| Brazil Nut Oil | Bertholletia Excelsa Seed Oil | 28 to 40 | 30 to 45 | minor | 13 to 16 | 8 to 12 | |
| Cacay Oil | Caryodendron Orinocense Seed Oil | 10 to 20 | 60 to 75 | minor | 5 to 10 | varies | Natural tocopherols and retinol content reported |
| Camellia Tea Oil | Camellia Sinensis Seed Oil | 50 to 65 | 18 to 30 | minor | 13 to 18 | 1 to 3 | |
| Castor Oil | Ricinus Communis Seed Oil | 2 to 6 | 1 to 5 | minor | 1 to 2 | 1 to 2 | Ricinoleic 85 to 95 |
| Cherry Kernel Oil | Prunus Avium Kernel Oil | 30 to 50 | 35 to 50 | minor | 5 to 8 | 1 to 3 | α-eleostearic 5 to 13 |
| Chia Seed Oil | Salvia Hispanica Seed Oil | 5 to 10 | 17 to 22 | 55 to 65 | 6 to 8 | 2 to 4 | |
| Cocoa Bean Oil | Theobroma Cacao Seed Oil | varies | varies | varies | varies | varies | |
| Coconut Oil (cold-pressed) | Cocos Nucifera Oil | 5 to 10 | 1 to 2.5 | minor | 7.5 to 10 | 2 to 4 | Lauric 45 to 53; myristic 16 to 21; caprylic 5 to 10; capric 5 to 8 |
| Coffee Oil | Coffea Arabica Seed Oil | 7 to 10 | 40 to 45 | 1 to 2 | 32 to 38 | 6 to 8 | |
| Cucumber Seed Oil | Cucumis Sativus Seed Oil | 12 to 20 | 60 to 70 | minor | 8 to 12 | 4 to 7 | |
| Evening Primrose Oil | Oenothera Biennis Oil | 5 to 12 | 65 to 80 | minor | 5 to 8 | 1 to 3 | GLA 8 to 14 |
| Fig Seed Oil | Ficus Carica Seed Oil | 12 to 20 | 30 to 40 | 30 to 45 | 6 to 9 | 2 to 4 | |
| Flaxseed Oil | Linum Usitatissimum Seed Oil | 15 to 22 | 12 to 18 | 45 to 65 | 4 to 7 | 2 to 5 | |
| Goji Berry Seed Oil | Lycium Barbarum Seed Oil | 15 to 25 | 60 to 70 | minor | 6 to 9 | 2 to 4 | |
| Grapeseed Oil | Vitis Vinifera Seed Oil | 12 to 28 | 58 to 78 | minor | 5.5 to 11 | 3 to 6.5 | |
| Guava Seed Oil | Psidium Guajava Seed Oil | 8 to 15 | 70 to 80 | minor | 7 to 10 | 4 to 7 | |
| Hazelnut Oil | Corylus Avellana Seed Oil | 70 to 85 | 7 to 15 | minor | 4 to 7 | 1 to 3 | |
| Hemp Seed Oil | Cannabis Sativa Seed Oil | 8 to 16 | 50 to 60 | 15 to 25 | 5 to 7 | 2 to 3 | GLA 1 to 4 |
| Jojoba Oil | Simmondsia Chinensis Seed Oil | 5 to 15 | minor | minor | minor | minor | Eicosenoic 65 to 80; erucic 10 to 20 (as wax esters) |
| Kakadu Plum Seed Oil | Terminalia Ferdinandiana Seed Oil | varies | varies | varies | varies | varies | |
| Kiwi Seed Oil | Actinidia Chinensis Seed Oil | 11 to 16 | 13 to 18 | 55 to 65 | 5 to 7 | 2 to 3 | |
| Kukui Nut Oil | Aleurites Moluccana Seed Oil | 18 to 25 | 35 to 45 | 25 to 35 | 5 to 7 | 2 to 3 | |
| Lychee Seed Oil | Litchi Chinensis Seed Oil | varies | varies | varies | varies | varies | Cyclopropane fatty acids reported |
| MCT Oil (Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride) | Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride | None | None | None | None | None | Caprylic 50 to 65; capric 30 to 45 |
| Macadamia Oil | Macadamia Integrifolia Seed Oil | 55 to 65 | 1 to 4 | minor | 7 to 10 | 2 to 5 | Palmitoleic 16 to 23; eicosenoic 1 to 3 |
| Maracuja (Passion Fruit Seed) Oil | Passiflora Edulis Seed Oil | 13 to 20 | 65 to 75 | minor | 9 to 12 | 2 to 3 | |
| Meadowfoam Seed Oil | Limnanthes Alba Seed Oil | minor | minor | minor | minor | minor | Eicosenoic 58 to 64; docosadienoic 15 to 21; erucic 10 to 14 |
| Moringa Oil | Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil | 65 to 80 | minor | minor | 5 to 8 | 3 to 7 | Behenic 5 to 9; gondoic 1 to 3 |
| Neem Oil | Azadirachta Indica Seed Oil | 40 to 55 | 10 to 20 | minor | 15 to 20 | 15 to 22 | |
| Oat Oil | Avena Sativa Kernel Oil | 30 to 40 | 35 to 45 | 1 to 2 | 15 to 20 | 1 to 2 | Polar lipids present |
| Olive Oil | Olea Europaea Fruit Oil | 55 to 83 | 3 to 21 | Up to 1 | 7.5 to 20 | 0.5 to 5 | Palmitoleic 0.3 to 3.5; squalene present |
| Papaya Seed Oil | Carica Papaya Seed Oil | 70 to 80 | 3 to 6 | minor | 13 to 17 | 3 to 5 | |
| Peach Kernel Oil | Prunus Persica Kernel Oil | 55 to 75 | 15 to 35 | minor | 5 to 8 | 1 to 3 | |
| Pineapple Seed Oil | Ananas Sativus Seed Oil | varies | varies | varies | varies | varies | |
| Pistachio Oil | Pistacia Vera Seed Oil | 50 to 70 | 15 to 30 | minor | 8 to 12 | 1 to 2 | |
| Plum Kernel Oil | Prunus Domestica Kernel Oil | 60 to 75 | 15 to 25 | minor | 4 to 7 | 1 to 3 | |
| Pomegranate Seed Oil | Punica Granatum Seed Oil | 4 to 8 | 4 to 8 | minor | 3 to 5 | 2 to 3 | Punicic 65 to 80 |
| Prickly Pear Seed Oil | Opuntia Ficus-Indica Seed Oil | 15 to 22 | 55 to 65 | minor | 10 to 14 | 2 to 4 | |
| Pumpkin Seed Oil | Cucurbita Pepo Seed Oil | 18 to 40 | 35 to 60 | minor | 9 to 14 | 4 to 7 | |
| Raspberry Seed Oil | Rubus Idaeus Seed Oil | 10 to 14 | 50 to 55 | 25 to 32 | 2 to 3 | 1 to 2 | |
| Red Cabbage Seed Oil | Brassica Oleracea Seed Oil | varies | varies | varies | varies | varies | Brassica seed oils are typically high in erucic acid |
| Rice Bran Oil | Oryza Sativa Bran Oil | 38 to 48 | 29 to 42 | Up to 2 | 14 to 23 | 1 to 3 | Gamma-oryzanol present |
| Rosehip Oil | Rosa Canina Fruit Oil | 12 to 22 | 35 to 50 | 20 to 35 | 2 to 5 | 1 to 3 | |
| Safflower Oil | Carthamus Tinctorius Seed Oil | 8 to 21 | 68 to 83 | minor | 5 to 8 | 2 to 3 | High oleic types: oleic 70 to 84% |
| Sea Buckthorn Fruit Oil | Hippophae Rhamnoides Fruit Oil | 15 to 25 | 4 to 15 | minor | 25 to 38 | minor | Palmitoleic 25 to 40; carotenoids present |
| Sesame Seed Oil | Sesamum Indicum Seed Oil | 35 to 50 | 35 to 50 | minor | 8 to 12 | 4 to 7 | Sesamin and sesamol present |
| Soybean Oil | Glycine Soja Oil | 17 to 30 | 48 to 59 | 4.5 to 11 | 8 to 13.5 | 2 to 5.5 | |
| Strawberry Seed Oil | Fragaria Ananassa Seed Oil | 13 to 20 | 40 to 50 | 25 to 35 | 3 to 6 | 1 to 2 | |
| Sunflower Oil | Helianthus Annuus Seed Oil | 14 to 40 | 48 to 74 | minor | 5 to 8 | 3 to 6.5 | High oleic types: oleic 75 to 90% |
| Tamanu Oil | Calophyllum Inophyllum Seed Oil | 30 to 50 | 15 to 30 | minor | 12 to 18 | 10 to 18 | Calophyllolide present |
| Walnut Oil | Juglans Regia Seed Oil | 13 to 25 | 50 to 65 | 8 to 15 | 6 to 8 | 2 to 3 | |
| Watermelon Seed Oil | Citrullus Vulgaris Seed Oil | 10 to 20 | 55 to 70 | minor | 9 to 12 | 6 to 10 | |
| Wheatgerm Oil | Triticum Vulgare Germ Oil | 12 to 23 | 50 to 60 | 4 to 10 | 13 to 20 | minor | High natural tocopherol content |
Plant oils: texture, comedogenic rating, shelf life and use
| Oil | Texture | Comedogenic rating (0 to 5, approx.) | Shelf life (stored as directed) | Typical use |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acai Berry Oil | Medium | Not established | 12 months | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Almond Oil (Sweet) | Light to medium | 2 | 12 months | Massage and body oils up to 100%; face oils 10 to 50%; emulsions 2 to 10% |
| Apple Seed Oil | Light | Not established | 12 months (store cool and dark) | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Apricot Kernel Oil | Light to medium | 2 | 12 months | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Argan Oil | Light to medium | 0 | 12 to 24 months | Face oils up to 100%; hair serums 20 to 100%; emulsions 2 to 10% |
| Avocado Oil | Rich | 3 | 12 months | Face oils 5 to 20%; body oils 10 to 30%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Banana Seed Oil | Light | Not established | 12 months | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Baobab Seed Oil | Medium | 2 | 12 to 24 months | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Batana Oil | Rich | Not established | 12 months | 2 to 5% in hair and skin formulas |
| Black Cumin Seed Oil | Medium | 2 | 12 months | Face oils 2 to 10%; hair and scalp oils 5 to 30%; emulsions 1 to 5% |
| Blackberry Seed Oil | Light | Not established | 12 months (refrigerate after opening) | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Blackcurrant Seed Oil | Light | Not established | 12 months (refrigerate after opening) | Face oils 5 to 20%; emulsions 2 to 5% |
| Blueberry Seed Oil | Light | Not established | 12 months (refrigerate after opening) | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Borage Seed Oil | Light to medium | 2 | 12 months (refrigerate after opening) | Face oils 5 to 20%; emulsions 2 to 5% |
| Brazil Nut Oil | Medium | Not established | 12 months | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Cacay Oil | Light | Not established | 12 months (store cool and dark) | Face oils up to 100%; emulsions 2 to 10% |
| Camellia Tea Oil | Light to medium | Not established | 12 months | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Castor Oil | Rich (very viscous) | 1 | 24 months or more | Lip balms and lipsticks 10 to 30%; lip gloss up to 50%; hair oils 10 to 30%; balms 5 to 15% |
| Cherry Kernel Oil | Light | Not established | 12 months | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Chia Seed Oil | Light | Not established | 12 months (refrigerate after opening) | Face oils 5 to 20%; emulsions 2 to 5% |
| Cocoa Bean Oil | Medium | Not established | 12 months | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Coconut Oil (cold-pressed) | Rich (solid below about 24 °C) | 4 | 24 months or more | Balms 10 to 40%; lip balms 10 to 30%; hair masks up to 100%; emulsions 2 to 10% |
| Coffee Oil | Medium | Not established | 12 months | Face and body oils 5 to 20%; emulsions 2 to 5% |
| Cucumber Seed Oil | Light | Not established | 12 months (store cool and dark) | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Evening Primrose Oil | Light | 2 | 12 months (refrigerate after opening) | Face oils 5 to 30%; emulsions 2 to 10%; body oils 5 to 20% |
| Fig Seed Oil | Light | Not established | 12 months (refrigerate after opening) | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Flaxseed Oil | Light | 4 | 12 months (refrigerate after opening) | Face and hair oils 5 to 20%; emulsions 2 to 5% |
| Goji Berry Seed Oil | Light | Not established | 12 months (store cool and dark) | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Grapeseed Oil | Light | 1 | 12 months (store cool and dark) | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Guava Seed Oil | Light | Not established | 12 months (store cool and dark) | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Hazelnut Oil | Light | 1 | 12 months | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Hemp Seed Oil | Light | 0 | 12 months (store cool and dark) | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Jojoba Oil | Light | 2 | 24 months or more | Face oils up to 100%; beard oils 50 to 100%; emulsions 2 to 10% |
| Kakadu Plum Seed Oil | Light | Not established | 12 months | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Kiwi Seed Oil | Light | Not established | 12 months (refrigerate after opening) | Face oils 5 to 30%; emulsions 2 to 5% |
| Kukui Nut Oil | Light | 2 | 12 months (store cool and dark) | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Lychee Seed Oil | Light | Not established | 12 months | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| MCT Oil (Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride) | Very light | Not established | 24 months or more | Face and body oils up to 100%; perfume oils as the base; emulsions 2 to 10% |
| Macadamia Oil | Medium | 2 | 12 to 24 months | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Maracuja (Passion Fruit Seed) Oil | Light | Not established | 12 months (store cool and dark) | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Meadowfoam Seed Oil | Light to medium | Not established | 24 months or more | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Moringa Oil | Light to medium | 2 | 12 to 24 months | Face oils 20 to 100%; hair serums 10 to 30%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Neem Oil | Rich (may solidify when cool) | 1 | 12 months | Face and body oils 1 to 10%; hair and scalp oils 5 to 20%; soap 2 to 10% of oils |
| Oat Oil | Medium | Not established | 12 months | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Olive Oil | Medium | 2 | 12 to 24 months | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Papaya Seed Oil | Light to medium | Not established | 12 months | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Peach Kernel Oil | Light | 2 | 12 months | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Pineapple Seed Oil | Light | Not established | 12 months | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Pistachio Oil | Medium | Not established | 12 months | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Plum Kernel Oil | Light | Not established | 12 months | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Pomegranate Seed Oil | Medium (viscous) | 1 | 12 months | Face oils 5 to 20%; emulsions 1 to 5% |
| Prickly Pear Seed Oil | Light | Not established | 12 months | Face oils up to 100%; emulsions 2 to 5% |
| Pumpkin Seed Oil | Medium | 2 | 12 months (store cool and dark) | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Raspberry Seed Oil | Light | Not established | 12 months (refrigerate after opening) | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Red Cabbage Seed Oil | Light to medium | Not established | 12 months | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Rice Bran Oil | Medium | 2 | 12 months | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Rosehip Oil | Light | 1 | 12 months (refrigerate after opening) | Face oils 10 to 100%; emulsions 2 to 10% |
| Safflower Oil | Light | 0 | 12 months (store cool and dark) | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Sea Buckthorn Fruit Oil | Medium | 1 | 12 months | Face oils 1 to 5%; emulsions 0.5 to 2% |
| Sesame Seed Oil | Medium | 3 | 12 to 24 months | Massage and body oils up to 100%; face oils 10 to 50%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Soybean Oil | Medium | 3 | 12 months (store cool and dark) | Body oils up to 100%; face oils 10 to 30%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Strawberry Seed Oil | Light | Not established | 12 months (refrigerate after opening) | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Sunflower Oil | Light | 0 to 2 | 12 months (store cool and dark) | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Tamanu Oil | Rich | 2 | 12 to 24 months | Face oils 5 to 25%; balms 5 to 25% |
| Walnut Oil | Light | Not established | 12 months (refrigerate after opening) | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Watermelon Seed Oil | Light | Not established | 12 months (store cool and dark) | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Wheatgerm Oil | Rich | 5 | 12 months (store cool and dark) | Body oils and balms 5 to 10%; emulsions 1 to 5% |
Natural butters: fatty acid composition
| Butter | INCI | Oleic (%) | Linoleic (%) | Alpha-linolenic (%) | Palmitic (%) | Stearic (%) | Notable others (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacuri Butter | Platonia Insignis Seed Butter | varies | varies | varies | varies | varies | |
| Cocoa Butter | Theobroma Cacao Seed Butter | 32 to 37 | 2 to 4 | minor | 24 to 30 | 31 to 37 | |
| Cupuacu Butter | Theobroma Grandiflorum Seed Butter | 38 to 45 | 2 to 5 | minor | 7 to 9 | 30 to 35 | Arachidic 10 to 11 |
| Kokum Butter | Garcinia Indica Seed Butter | 35 to 42 | minor | minor | 2 to 5 | 50 to 60 | |
| Kukui Nut Butter | Aleurites Moluccana Seed Butter | varies | varies | varies | varies | varies | |
| Macadamia Butter | Macadamia Integrifolia Seed Butter | varies | varies | varies | varies | varies | |
| Mafura Butter | Trichilia Emetica Seed Butter | varies | varies | varies | varies | varies | |
| Mango Butter | Mangifera Indica Seed Butter | 40 to 50 | 2 to 5 | minor | 5 to 10 | 35 to 45 | |
| Murumuru Butter | Astrocaryum Murumuru Seed Butter | 10 to 15 | minor | minor | 5 to 8 | minor | Lauric 40 to 50; myristic 25 to 30 |
| Shea Butter (Refined) | Butyrospermum Parkii Butter | 40 to 55 | 4 to 8 | minor | 3 to 8 | 35 to 45 | Unsaponifiables typically 4 to 11% |
| Shea Butter (Unrefined) | Butyrospermum Parkii Butter | 40 to 55 | 4 to 8 | minor | 3 to 8 | 35 to 45 | Unsaponifiables typically 4 to 11% |
Natural butters: melting point, comedogenic rating, shelf life and use
| Butter | Texture | Melting point | Comedogenic rating (0 to 5, approx.) | Shelf life (stored as directed) | Typical use |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacuri Butter | Rich | varies | Not established | 24 months or more | 2 to 5% in formulas |
| Cocoa Butter | Rich (firm, brittle) | 34 to 38 °C | 4 | 24 months or more | Body butters 10 to 30%; lip balms 10 to 25%; lotion bars 25 to 40%; emulsions 2 to 10% |
| Cupuacu Butter | Medium to rich | 30 to 35 °C (approx.) | Not established | 24 months or more | Body butters up to 100%; balms 10 to 30%; emulsions 2 to 10% |
| Kokum Butter | Rich (hard) | 38 to 42 °C | Not established | 24 months or more | Emulsions 2 to 5%; lip balms and bars higher for firmness |
| Kukui Nut Butter | Medium | varies | Not established | 12 months | Body butters and balms up to 100%; emulsions 2 to 10% |
| Macadamia Butter | Medium | varies | Not established | 12 months | Body butters and balms up to 100%; emulsions 2 to 10% |
| Mafura Butter | Medium | varies | Not established | 24 months or more | Body butters and balms up to 100%; emulsions 2 to 10% |
| Mango Butter | Medium to rich | 30 to 36 °C (varies) | 0 to 2 (quotes vary) | 24 months or more | Body butters up to 100%; balms 10 to 40%; emulsions 2 to 10% |
| Murumuru Butter | Medium | 30 to 35 °C (approx.) | Not established | 24 months or more | Body butters up to 100%; balms 10 to 30%; emulsions 2 to 10% |
| Shea Butter (Refined) | Rich | 32 to 38 °C | 0 | 24 months or more | Body butters up to 100%; balms 10 to 50%; emulsions 2 to 10% |
| Shea Butter (Unrefined) | Rich | 32 to 38 °C | 0 | 12 to 24 months | Body butters up to 100%; balms 10 to 50%; emulsions 2 to 10% |
Blended butters (oil plus hydrogenated vegetable oil)
These butters are made by blending a liquid oil or extract with hydrogenated vegetable oil to give a soft, spreadable texture. Their fatty acid profile and melting point depend on the blend ratio, so use the batch specification rather than the liquid oil data.
| Butter | INCI | Built on | Texture | Melting point | Shelf life (stored as directed) | Typical use |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Almond Butter | Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil | sweet almond oil | Soft semi-solid | varies | 12 months | Balms and body butters up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Aloe Vera Butter | Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil | aloe vera leaf extract | Soft semi-solid | varies | 12 months | Balms and body butters up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Apricot Kernel Butter | Prunus Armeniaca Kernel Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil | apricot kernel oil | Soft semi-solid | varies | 12 months | Balms and body butters up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Argan Butter | Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil | argan oil | Soft semi-solid | varies | 12 months | Balms and body butters up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Arnica Butter | Olea Europaea Fruit Oil, Arnica Montana Flower Extract, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil | arnica in olive oil | Soft semi-solid | varies | 12 months | Balms and body butters up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Avocado Butter | Persea Gratissima Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil | avocado oil | Soft semi-solid | varies | 12 months | Balms and body butters up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Baobab Butter | Adansonia Digitata Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil | baobab seed oil | Soft semi-solid | varies | 12 months | Balms and body butters up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Black Cumin Butter | Nigella Sativa Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil | black cumin seed oil | Soft semi-solid | varies | 12 months | Balms and body butters up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Blackcurrant Seed Butter | Ribes Nigrum Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil | blackcurrant seed oil | Soft semi-solid | varies | 12 months | Balms and body butters up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Borage Butter | Borago Officinalis Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil | borage seed oil | Soft semi-solid | varies | 12 months | Balms and body butters up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Calendula Butter | Olea Europaea Fruit Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil, Tocopherol, Calendula Officinalis Flower Extract | calendula in olive oil | Soft semi-solid | varies | 12 months | Balms and body butters up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Camellia Butter | Camellia Oleifera Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil | camellia oleifera seed oil | Soft semi-solid | varies | 12 months | Balms and body butters up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Carrot Butter | Helianthus Annuus Seed Oil, Daucus Carota Sativa Seed Extract, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil, Tocopherol | carrot seed extract in sunflower oil | Soft semi-solid | varies | 12 months | Balms and body butters up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Chia Seed Butter | Salvia Hispanica Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil | chia seed oil | Soft semi-solid | varies | 12 months | Balms and body butters up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Guava Butter | Psidium Guajava Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil | guava seed oil | Soft semi-solid | varies | 12 months | Balms and body butters up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Hemp Seed Butter | Cannabis Sativa Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil | hemp seed oil | Soft semi-solid | varies | 12 months | Balms and body butters up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Jojoba Butter | Simmondsia Chinensis Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil | jojoba oil | Soft semi-solid | varies | 12 months | Balms and body butters up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Kakadu Plum Butter | Terminalia Ferdinandiana Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil | kakadu plum seed oil | Soft semi-solid | varies | 12 months | Balms and body butters up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Papaya Butter | Carica Papaya Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil | papaya seed oil | Soft semi-solid | varies | 12 months | Balms and body butters up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Pomegranate Butter | Punica Granatum Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil | pomegranate seed oil | Soft semi-solid | varies | 12 months | Balms and body butters up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Prickly Pear Butter | Opuntia Ficus-Indica Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil | prickly pear seed oil | Soft semi-solid | varies | 12 months | Balms and body butters up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Rosehip Butter | Rosa Canina Fruit Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil | rosehip oil | Soft semi-solid | varies | 12 months | Balms and body butters up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Sea Buckthorn Butter | Hippophae Rhamnoides Fruit Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil | sea buckthorn fruit oil | Soft semi-solid | varies | 12 months | Balms and body butters up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
Infused, macerated and herbal oils
Infused oils carry a botanical extract in a base oil, so their fatty acid profile and comedogenic rating follow the base oil listed. Herbal oils marked "varies" depend on the carrier and process used, so check the batch COA.
| Oil | INCI | Base or type | Texture | Comedogenic rating (approx.) | Shelf life (stored as directed) | Typical use |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Aloe Vera Oil | Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract, Glycine Soja Oil | Aloe vera leaf extract in soybean oil | Medium | 3 (base oil) | 12 months (store cool and dark) | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Amla Oil | Phyllanthus Emblica Oil | Herbal oil; profile depends on carrier and process | Light | Not established | 12 months | 2 to 5% in hair and skin formulas |
| Arnica Infused Oil | Olea Europaea Fruit Oil, Arnica Montana Flower Extract | Arnica flowers infused in olive oil | Medium | 2 (base oil) | 12 months | Massage and body oils up to 100%; balms 10 to 50% |
| Ashwagandha Oil | Withania Somnifera Root Oil | Herbal oil; profile depends on carrier and process | Light | Not established | 12 months | 2 to 5% in hair and skin formulas |
| Bakuchi (Babchi) Oil | Psoralea Corylifolia Seed Oil | Contains bakuchiol and psoralens | Light | Not established | 12 months | 2 to 5% in a carrier |
| Brahmi Oil | Bacopa Monnieri Oil | Herbal oil; profile depends on carrier and process | Light | Not established | 12 months | 2 to 5% in hair and skin formulas |
| Calendula Infused Oil | Olea Europaea Fruit Oil, Calendula Officinalis Flower Extract | Calendula flowers infused in olive oil | Medium | 2 (base oil) | 12 months | Face and body oils up to 100%; balms 10 to 50%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Carrot Oil | Helianthus Annuus Seed Oil, Daucus Carota Sativa Seed Extract, Tocopherol | Carrot seed extract in sunflower oil with tocopherol | Light | 0 to 2 (base oil) | 12 months (store cool and dark) | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Daisy Flower Oil | Bellis Perennis Flower Extract, Helianthus Annuus Seed Oil | Daisy blossoms infused in sunflower oil | Light | 0 to 2 (base oil) | 12 months (store cool and dark) | Face and body oils up to 100%; serums 10 to 50%; emulsions 2 to 10% |
| Garlic Oil | Allium Sativum Oil | Sulfur compounds present; strong odour | Light | Not established | 12 months | Low levels, diluted, in hair and scalp formulas |
| Gotu Kola Oil | Centella Asiatica Oil | Herbal oil; profile depends on carrier and process | Light | Not established | 12 months | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Onion Oil | Allium Cepa Bulb Oil | Sulfur compounds present; strong odour | Light | Not established | 12 months | Low levels, diluted, in hair and scalp formulas |
| Saffron Oil | Crocus Sativus Flower Extract, Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis Oil | Saffron extract in sweet almond oil | Light to medium | 2 (base oil) | 12 months | Face and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 3 to 10% |
| Vanilla Infused Oil | Simmondsia Chinensis Oil, Vanilla Planifolia Extract | Vanilla bean extract in jojoba | Light | 2 (base oil) | 24 months or more | Perfume and body oils up to 100%; emulsions 2 to 10% |
Acai Berry Oil
Acai oil is an oleic and palmitic rich fruit oil with a natural green tint. It suits richer face oils and body blends. Typical fatty acids: oleic 50 to 60%, linoleic 8 to 13%, palmitic 22 to 28%, stearic 1 to 3%; palmitoleic 3 to 6%. INCI: Euterpe Oleracea Fruit Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Almond Oil (Sweet)
Sweet almond is the classic all-round massage and body oil, with good glide and moderate absorption. It is a tree nut oil, so label it clearly for people with nut allergies. Typical fatty acids: oleic 60 to 78%, linoleic 15 to 30%, palmitic 5 to 9%, stearic 1 to 3%. INCI: Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis Oil; comedogenic rating 2 (approx.); shelf life 12 months.
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Apple Seed Oil
Apple seed oil is a light, linoleic rich seed oil with a faint fruity scent. It works in face oils and serums where a dry finish is wanted. Typical fatty acids: oleic 25 to 40%, linoleic 45 to 60%, palmitic 5 to 9%, stearic 1 to 3%. INCI: Pyrus Malus Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months (store cool and dark).
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Apricot Kernel Oil
Apricot kernel oil is close to sweet almond in composition and feel, and is often used as an alternative to it. It is a staple base for massage, face and body oils. Typical fatty acids: oleic 58 to 74%, linoleic 20 to 34%, palmitic 4 to 7%, stearic 1 to 2%. INCI: Prunus Armeniaca Kernel Oil; comedogenic rating 2 (approx.); shelf life 12 months.
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Argan Oil
Argan has a balanced oleic to linoleic ratio that suits most skin types and leaves hair glossy without weight. Cosmetic argan is made from unroasted kernels, unlike culinary argan. Typical fatty acids: oleic 43 to 50%, linoleic 29 to 36%, palmitic 11 to 15%, stearic 4 to 7%. INCI: Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil; comedogenic rating 0 (approx.); shelf life 12 to 24 months.
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Avocado Oil
Avocado is a rich, oleic dominant oil that adds cushion to balms, body oils and creams for dry skin. Its higher comedogenic rating means it is usually blended rather than used neat on the face. Typical fatty acids: oleic 50 to 74%, linoleic 8 to 20%, palmitic 10 to 25%; palmitoleic 2 to 12%. INCI: Persea Gratissima Oil; comedogenic rating 3 (approx.); shelf life 12 months.
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Banana Seed Oil
Banana seed oil is a newer specialty oil and well-established fatty acid data is limited. Use the batch COA for composition. INCI: Musa Paradisiaca Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Baobab Seed Oil
Baobab is a medium weight, fairly stable oil with a soft, cushioned feel. Its higher palmitic content gives it more body than most seed oils. Typical fatty acids: oleic 30 to 42%, linoleic 25 to 35%, palmitic 18 to 30%, stearic 2 to 6%. INCI: Adansonia Digitata Seed Oil; comedogenic rating 2 (approx.); shelf life 12 to 24 months.
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Batana Oil
Batana is a traditional Honduran hair oil from the American oil palm. Composition depends on processing, so use the batch COA. INCI: Elaeis Oleifera Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Black Cumin Seed Oil
Black seed (kalonji) oil is high in linoleic acid and has a strong herbal, peppery scent. Its aroma usually limits it to a minority of a blend. Typical fatty acids: oleic 20 to 25%, linoleic 50 to 60%, palmitic 10 to 13%, stearic 2 to 4%; eicosadienoic 2 to 3%; thymoquinone present. INCI: Nigella Sativa Seed Oil; comedogenic rating 2 (approx.); shelf life 12 months.
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Blackberry Seed Oil
Blackberry seed oil is a light, polyunsaturated oil for face serums. Its omega-3 and omega-6 content makes it prone to oxidation, so buy small and store cold. Typical fatty acids: oleic 13 to 20%, linoleic 53 to 63%, alpha-linolenic 12 to 20%, palmitic 3 to 5%, stearic 1 to 3%. INCI: Rubus Fruticosus Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months (refrigerate after opening).
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Blackcurrant Seed Oil
Blackcurrant seed oil is one of the few oils that carries both GLA and stearidonic acid. It is delicate, so pair it with a stable carrier and an antioxidant. Typical fatty acids: oleic 9 to 13%, linoleic 45 to 50%, alpha-linolenic 10 to 15%, palmitic 6 to 8%, stearic 1 to 2%; GLA 14 to 20%; stearidonic 2 to 4%. INCI: Ribes Nigrum Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months (refrigerate after opening).
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Blueberry Seed Oil
Blueberry seed oil is a light, dry feeling oil with a balanced omega-6 to omega-3 ratio. Use it in face serums and store it cold. Typical fatty acids: oleic 18 to 25%, linoleic 38 to 45%, alpha-linolenic 22 to 33%, palmitic 4 to 7%, stearic 1 to 3%. INCI: Vaccinium Corymbosum Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months (refrigerate after opening).
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Borage Seed Oil
Borage is the richest common plant source of gamma-linolenic acid (GLA). It oxidises easily, so it is best used as a minority oil in fresh, small batches. Typical fatty acids: oleic 15 to 20%, linoleic 35 to 40%, palmitic 9 to 12%, stearic 3 to 5%; GLA 18 to 25%; gondoic 3 to 6%; erucic 1.5 to 3.5%. INCI: Borago Officinalis Seed Oil; comedogenic rating 2 (approx.); shelf life 12 months (refrigerate after opening).
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Brazil Nut Oil
Brazil nut oil has a balanced oleic and linoleic profile with enough saturated fat to feel cushioned. It is a tree nut oil, so label it for allergy awareness. Typical fatty acids: oleic 28 to 40%, linoleic 30 to 45%, palmitic 13 to 16%, stearic 8 to 12%. INCI: Bertholletia Excelsa Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Cacay Oil
Cacay is a light, fast absorbing nut oil from the Amazon with a high linoleic content. Vitamin content varies by batch, so check the COA rather than relying on marketing figures. Typical fatty acids: oleic 10 to 20%, linoleic 60 to 75%, palmitic 5 to 10%. INCI: Caryodendron Orinocense Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months (store cool and dark).
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Camellia Tea Oil
Camellia seed oil is a traditional Japanese hair and face oil with a silky, non-sticky finish. Values differ for Camellia oleifera and Camellia japonica, so check the INCI when comparing data. Typical fatty acids: oleic 50 to 65%, linoleic 18 to 30%, palmitic 13 to 18%, stearic 1 to 3%. INCI: Camellia Sinensis Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Castor Oil
Castor oil is almost entirely ricinoleic acid, which makes it thick, glossy and very stable. It is used for shine in lip products, pigment wetting and cleansing oils. Typical fatty acids: oleic 2 to 6%, linoleic 1 to 5%, palmitic 1 to 2%, stearic 1 to 2%; ricinoleic 85 to 95%. INCI: Ricinus Communis Seed Oil; comedogenic rating 1 (approx.); shelf life 24 months or more.
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Cherry Kernel Oil
Sweet cherry kernel oil is light and silky, with a small amount of the conjugated fatty acid α-eleostearic acid. It suits face oils, lip oils and light body blends. Typical fatty acids: oleic 30 to 50%, linoleic 35 to 50%, palmitic 5 to 8%, stearic 1 to 3%. INCI: Prunus Avium Kernel Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Chia Seed Oil
Chia is one of the highest alpha-linolenic (omega-3) oils available. It oxidises quickly, so refrigerate after opening and add an antioxidant. Typical fatty acids: oleic 5 to 10%, linoleic 17 to 22%, alpha-linolenic 55 to 65%, palmitic 6 to 8%, stearic 2 to 4%. INCI: Salvia Hispanica Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months (refrigerate after opening).
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Cocoa Bean Oil
Cocoa bean oil comes from the same seed as cocoa butter but is sold as an oil. Its composition depends on how it is processed, so use the batch COA. INCI: Theobroma Cacao Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Coconut Oil (cold-pressed)
Coconut oil is dominated by lauric acid and melts at about 24 °C. It is very stable, but its comedogenic rating of around 4 means it suits the body and hair more than the face. Typical fatty acids: oleic 5 to 10%, linoleic 1 to 2.5%, palmitic 7.5 to 10%, stearic 2 to 4%; lauric 45 to 53%; myristic 16 to 21%; caprylic 5 to 10%; capric 5 to 8%. INCI: Cocos Nucifera Oil; comedogenic rating 4 (approx.); melting point about 24 °C; shelf life 24 months or more.
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Coffee Oil
SSC's coffee oil is pressed from roasted beans, giving it a deep coffee aroma and colour. Its palmitic and linoleic rich profile gives a medium feel. Typical fatty acids: oleic 7 to 10%, linoleic 40 to 45%, alpha-linolenic 1 to 2%, palmitic 32 to 38%, stearic 6 to 8%. INCI: Coffea Arabica Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Cucumber Seed Oil
Cucumber seed oil is a light, linoleic rich oil with a dry finish. It works well in face serums and lighter body oils. Typical fatty acids: oleic 12 to 20%, linoleic 60 to 70%, palmitic 8 to 12%, stearic 4 to 7%. INCI: Cucumis Sativus Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months (store cool and dark).
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Evening Primrose Oil
Evening primrose is a light oil that combines high linoleic acid with GLA. It has a short shelf life, so refrigerate after opening and make small batches. Typical fatty acids: oleic 5 to 12%, linoleic 65 to 80%, palmitic 5 to 8%, stearic 1 to 3%; GLA 8 to 14%. INCI: Oenothera Biennis Oil; comedogenic rating 2 (approx.); shelf life 12 months (refrigerate after opening).
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Fig Seed Oil
Fig seed oil has roughly equal linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid, giving a very light, dry feel. Store it cold and use it in face oils and serums. Typical fatty acids: oleic 12 to 20%, linoleic 30 to 40%, alpha-linolenic 30 to 45%, palmitic 6 to 9%, stearic 2 to 4%. INCI: Ficus Carica Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months (refrigerate after opening).
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Flaxseed Oil
Flaxseed (linseed) oil is the classic high alpha-linolenic oil. It oxidises quickly, so refrigerate after opening and keep it to a minority of a blend. Typical fatty acids: oleic 15 to 22%, linoleic 12 to 18%, alpha-linolenic 45 to 65%, palmitic 4 to 7%, stearic 2 to 5%. INCI: Linum Usitatissimum Seed Oil; comedogenic rating 4 (approx.); shelf life 12 months (refrigerate after opening).
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Goji Berry Seed Oil
Goji seed oil is a light, linoleic rich oil. Cold-pressed grades carry a natural orange colour from carotenoids. Typical fatty acids: oleic 15 to 25%, linoleic 60 to 70%, palmitic 6 to 9%, stearic 2 to 4%. INCI: Lycium Barbarum Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months (store cool and dark).
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Grapeseed Oil
Grapeseed is a light, inexpensive, high linoleic oil that absorbs quickly. It suits massage oils, face oils and lighter body products. Typical fatty acids: oleic 12 to 28%, linoleic 58 to 78%, palmitic 5.5 to 11%, stearic 3 to 6.5%. INCI: Vitis Vinifera Seed Oil; comedogenic rating 1 (approx.); shelf life 12 months (store cool and dark).
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Guava Seed Oil
Guava seed oil is one of the highest linoleic oils in the range. It is light and fast absorbing. Typical fatty acids: oleic 8 to 15%, linoleic 70 to 80%, palmitic 7 to 10%, stearic 4 to 7%. INCI: Psidium Guajava Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months (store cool and dark).
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Hazelnut Oil
Hazelnut is a light, high oleic oil known for a dry, slightly astringent feel. It is popular in face oils for combination skin and is a tree nut oil. Typical fatty acids: oleic 70 to 85%, linoleic 7 to 15%, palmitic 4 to 7%, stearic 1 to 3%. INCI: Corylus Avellana Seed Oil; comedogenic rating 1 (approx.); shelf life 12 months.
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Hemp Seed Oil
Hemp seed oil has a near ideal omega-6 to omega-3 ratio and a commonly quoted comedogenic rating of 0. It has a green colour and nutty scent and should be stored cold. Typical fatty acids: oleic 8 to 16%, linoleic 50 to 60%, alpha-linolenic 15 to 25%, palmitic 5 to 7%, stearic 2 to 3%; GLA 1 to 4%. INCI: Cannabis Sativa Seed Oil; comedogenic rating 0 (approx.); shelf life 12 months (store cool and dark).
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Jojoba Oil
Jojoba is technically a liquid wax made of wax esters rather than triglycerides. That makes it very stable and gives it a light, non-greasy feel. Typical fatty acids: oleic 5 to 15%; eicosenoic 65 to 80%; erucic 10 to 20% (as wax esters). INCI: Simmondsia Chinensis Seed Oil; comedogenic rating 2 (approx.); shelf life 24 months or more.
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Kakadu Plum Seed Oil
Kakadu plum seed oil is an Australian native oil. Published fatty acid data for it is limited, so use the batch COA for composition. INCI: Terminalia Ferdinandiana Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Kiwi Seed Oil
Kiwi seed oil is one of the highest alpha-linolenic (omega-3) oils, alongside chia and flax. Refrigerate after opening. Typical fatty acids: oleic 11 to 16%, linoleic 13 to 18%, alpha-linolenic 55 to 65%, palmitic 5 to 7%, stearic 2 to 3%. INCI: Actinidia Chinensis Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months (refrigerate after opening).
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Kukui Nut Oil
Kukui is a light Hawaiian nut oil rich in both linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids. It absorbs quickly and suits face oils and after-sun style body oils. Typical fatty acids: oleic 18 to 25%, linoleic 35 to 45%, alpha-linolenic 25 to 35%, palmitic 5 to 7%, stearic 2 to 3%. INCI: Aleurites Moluccana Seed Oil; comedogenic rating 2 (approx.); shelf life 12 months (store cool and dark).
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Lychee Seed Oil
Lychee seed oil has an unusual composition that includes cyclopropane fatty acids. Published ranges vary widely, so use the batch COA. INCI: Litchi Chinensis Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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MCT Oil (Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride)
MCT is a refined, fractionated coconut ester made of medium chain fatty acids. It is odourless, clear, very stable and a neutral base for perfume and roll-on oils. INCI: Caprylic/Capric Triglyceride; shelf life 24 months or more.
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Macadamia Oil
Macadamia is unusually high in palmitoleic acid, a fatty acid also found in skin's own sebum. It is stable, cushioned and an Australian native. Typical fatty acids: oleic 55 to 65%, linoleic 1 to 4%, palmitic 7 to 10%, stearic 2 to 5%; palmitoleic 16 to 23%; eicosenoic 1 to 3%. INCI: Macadamia Integrifolia Seed Oil; comedogenic rating 2 (approx.); shelf life 12 to 24 months.
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Maracuja (Passion Fruit Seed) Oil
Maracuja oil is a light, high linoleic seed oil with a dry finish. It suits face serums and lighter body oils. Typical fatty acids: oleic 13 to 20%, linoleic 65 to 75%, palmitic 9 to 12%, stearic 2 to 3%. INCI: Passiflora Edulis Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months (store cool and dark).
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Meadowfoam Seed Oil
Meadowfoam is dominated by long chain fatty acids above C20, which makes it one of the most oxidatively stable plant oils. It is often added to extend the life of blends with delicate oils. INCI: Limnanthes Alba Seed Oil; shelf life 24 months or more.
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Moringa Oil
Moringa (ben oil) is high oleic with a notable behenic acid content, which gives it good stability. It is light enough for face oils and hair serums. Typical fatty acids: oleic 65 to 80%, palmitic 5 to 8%, stearic 3 to 7%; behenic 5 to 9%; gondoic 1 to 3%. INCI: Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil; comedogenic rating 2 (approx.); shelf life 12 to 24 months.
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Neem Oil
Neem oil has a strong, garlicky odour and a high saturated fat content, so it can turn cloudy or solid in cool weather. It is used at low levels in scalp oils, soaps and balms. Typical fatty acids: oleic 40 to 55%, linoleic 10 to 20%, palmitic 15 to 20%, stearic 15 to 22%. INCI: Azadirachta Indica Seed Oil; comedogenic rating 1 (approx.); shelf life 12 months.
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Oat Oil
Oat kernel oil has a balanced oleic and linoleic profile plus natural polar lipids. It gives a soft, cushioned feel in creams and face oils. Typical fatty acids: oleic 30 to 40%, linoleic 35 to 45%, alpha-linolenic 1 to 2%, palmitic 15 to 20%, stearic 1 to 2%. INCI: Avena Sativa Kernel Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Olive Oil
Olive oil is the reference high oleic oil and a mainstay of soap making and balms. It also forms the base of many infused oils. Typical fatty acids: oleic 55 to 83%, linoleic 3 to 21%, palmitic 7.5 to 20%, stearic 0.5 to 5%; palmitoleic 0.3 to 3.5%; squalene present. INCI: Olea Europaea Fruit Oil; comedogenic rating 2 (approx.); shelf life 12 to 24 months.
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Papaya Seed Oil
Papaya seed oil is a high oleic oil with good stability. It suits face oils, balms and body products. Typical fatty acids: oleic 70 to 80%, linoleic 3 to 6%, palmitic 13 to 17%, stearic 3 to 5%. INCI: Carica Papaya Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Peach Kernel Oil
Peach kernel oil is light and silky, similar to apricot kernel and sweet almond. It is a popular base for massage and face oils. Typical fatty acids: oleic 55 to 75%, linoleic 15 to 35%, palmitic 5 to 8%, stearic 1 to 3%. INCI: Prunus Persica Kernel Oil; comedogenic rating 2 (approx.); shelf life 12 months.
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Pineapple Seed Oil
Pineapple seed oil is a rare specialty oil with limited published data. Use the batch COA for composition. INCI: Ananas Sativus Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Pistachio Oil
Pistachio oil is a green tinted, high oleic nut oil with a soft finish. It is a tree nut oil, so label it for allergy awareness. Typical fatty acids: oleic 50 to 70%, linoleic 15 to 30%, palmitic 8 to 12%, stearic 1 to 2%. INCI: Pistacia Vera Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Plum Kernel Oil
Plum kernel oil has a light texture and a faint marzipan like scent. It works in face oils, lip oils and hair serums. Typical fatty acids: oleic 60 to 75%, linoleic 15 to 25%, palmitic 4 to 7%, stearic 1 to 3%. INCI: Prunus Domestica Kernel Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Pomegranate Seed Oil
Pomegranate seed oil is unique for its punicic acid, a conjugated omega-5 fatty acid. It is thicker than most seed oils and is usually used as a minority of a face oil. Typical fatty acids: oleic 4 to 8%, linoleic 4 to 8%, palmitic 3 to 5%, stearic 2 to 3%; punicic 65 to 80%. INCI: Punica Granatum Seed Oil; comedogenic rating 1 (approx.); shelf life 12 months.
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Prickly Pear Seed Oil
Prickly pear seed oil is a light, high linoleic oil with very low yields, which is why it is one of the most expensive oils in the range. Typical fatty acids: oleic 15 to 22%, linoleic 55 to 65%, palmitic 10 to 14%, stearic 2 to 4%. INCI: Opuntia Ficus-Indica Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Pumpkin Seed Oil
Pumpkin seed oil is dark green with a nutty aroma and a balanced oleic and linoleic profile. Its colour can tint lighter products. Typical fatty acids: oleic 18 to 40%, linoleic 35 to 60%, palmitic 9 to 14%, stearic 4 to 7%. INCI: Cucurbita Pepo Seed Oil; comedogenic rating 2 (approx.); shelf life 12 months (store cool and dark).
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Raspberry Seed Oil
Raspberry seed oil is a light, polyunsaturated oil. It is a cosmetic emollient only: despite claims online it has no established sun protection value, so do not make sun protection claims for it. Typical fatty acids: oleic 10 to 14%, linoleic 50 to 55%, alpha-linolenic 25 to 32%, palmitic 2 to 3%, stearic 1 to 2%. INCI: Rubus Idaeus Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months (refrigerate after opening).
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Red Cabbage Seed Oil
Red cabbage seed oil is a brassica seed oil. Published data for this specific variety is limited, so use the batch COA for composition. INCI: Brassica Oleracea Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Rice Bran Oil
Rice bran oil has a balanced profile and carries gamma-oryzanol and tocotrienols. It is a mild, medium weight oil for creams and body oils. Typical fatty acids: oleic 38 to 48%, linoleic 29 to 42%, palmitic 14 to 23%, stearic 1 to 3%. INCI: Oryza Sativa Bran Oil; comedogenic rating 2 (approx.); shelf life 12 months.
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Rosehip Oil
Rosehip is a light, fast absorbing oil very high in linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids. Those polyunsaturated fats make it oxidise quickly, so refrigerate after opening. Typical fatty acids: oleic 12 to 22%, linoleic 35 to 50%, alpha-linolenic 20 to 35%, palmitic 2 to 5%, stearic 1 to 3%. INCI: Rosa Canina Fruit Oil; comedogenic rating 1 (approx.); shelf life 12 months (refrigerate after opening).
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Safflower Oil
Safflower is sold as high linoleic and high oleic types with very different profiles. The table shows the high linoleic type; the COA shows which type your batch is. Typical fatty acids: oleic 8 to 21%, linoleic 68 to 83%, palmitic 5 to 8%, stearic 2 to 3%; high oleic types: oleic 70 to 84%. INCI: Carthamus Tinctorius Seed Oil; comedogenic rating 0 (approx.); shelf life 12 months (store cool and dark).
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Sea Buckthorn Fruit Oil
Sea buckthorn fruit oil is one of the richest plant sources of palmitoleic acid. Its carotenoids give a deep orange colour that can stain, so use it at low levels. Typical fatty acids: oleic 15 to 25%, linoleic 4 to 15%, palmitic 25 to 38%; palmitoleic 25 to 40%; carotenoids present. INCI: Hippophae Rhamnoides Fruit Oil; comedogenic rating 1 (approx.); shelf life 12 months.
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Sesame Seed Oil
Sesame oil has an even split of oleic and linoleic acid and natural lignans that help its stability. It is a traditional massage oil. Typical fatty acids: oleic 35 to 50%, linoleic 35 to 50%, palmitic 8 to 12%, stearic 4 to 7%. INCI: Sesamum Indicum Seed Oil; comedogenic rating 3 (approx.); shelf life 12 to 24 months.
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Soybean Oil
SSC's soybean oil is cold-pressed and then refined to remove the bean odour and colour. It is an economical base, best blended at lower levels for very oily skin. Typical fatty acids: oleic 17 to 30%, linoleic 48 to 59%, alpha-linolenic 4.5 to 11%, palmitic 8 to 13.5%, stearic 2 to 5.5%. INCI: Glycine Soja Oil; comedogenic rating 3 (approx.); shelf life 12 months (store cool and dark).
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Strawberry Seed Oil
Strawberry seed oil is a light, dry oil rich in omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids. Store it cold and use it in face serums. Typical fatty acids: oleic 13 to 20%, linoleic 40 to 50%, alpha-linolenic 25 to 35%, palmitic 3 to 6%, stearic 1 to 2%. INCI: Fragaria Ananassa Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months (refrigerate after opening).
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Sunflower Oil
Sunflower oil is sold as standard (high linoleic) and high oleic types. The table shows the standard type; the COA shows which type your batch is. Typical fatty acids: oleic 14 to 40%, linoleic 48 to 74%, palmitic 5 to 8%, stearic 3 to 6.5%; high oleic types: oleic 75 to 90%. INCI: Helianthus Annuus Seed Oil; comedogenic rating 0 to 2 (approx.); shelf life 12 months (store cool and dark).
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Tamanu Oil
Tamanu is a thick, dark green oil with a strong nutty, earthy smell. Its scent and colour mean it is usually blended at a minority level. Typical fatty acids: oleic 30 to 50%, linoleic 15 to 30%, palmitic 12 to 18%, stearic 10 to 18%. INCI: Calophyllum Inophyllum Seed Oil; comedogenic rating 2 (approx.); shelf life 12 to 24 months.
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Walnut Oil
Walnut oil is a light, polyunsaturated nut oil. It oxidises quickly and is a tree nut oil, so label it for allergy awareness. Typical fatty acids: oleic 13 to 25%, linoleic 50 to 65%, alpha-linolenic 8 to 15%, palmitic 6 to 8%, stearic 2 to 3%. INCI: Juglans Regia Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months (refrigerate after opening).
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Watermelon Seed Oil
Watermelon seed (ootanga or kalahari) oil is light and non-greasy. It suits face oils and lighter body oils. Typical fatty acids: oleic 10 to 20%, linoleic 55 to 70%, palmitic 9 to 12%, stearic 6 to 10%. INCI: Citrullus Vulgaris Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months (store cool and dark).
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Wheatgerm Oil
Wheatgerm oil is thick and naturally high in tocopherols, which is why it is often added to blends. It has the highest commonly quoted comedogenic rating in this library and is derived from wheat, so label it accordingly. Typical fatty acids: oleic 12 to 23%, linoleic 50 to 60%, alpha-linolenic 4 to 10%, palmitic 13 to 20%. INCI: Triticum Vulgare Germ Oil; comedogenic rating 5 (approx.); shelf life 12 months (store cool and dark).
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Bacuri Butter
Bacuri is a dense Amazonian butter with a distinctive scent. Published composition data varies, so use the batch COA. INCI: Platonia Insignis Seed Butter; shelf life 24 months or more.
Cocoa Butter
SSC's cocoa butter is deodorised and expeller-pressed, so it adds hardness without a chocolate scent. It melts close to body temperature, which gives balms and lotion bars their melt-on-contact feel. Typical fatty acids: oleic 32 to 37%, linoleic 2 to 4%, palmitic 24 to 30%, stearic 31 to 37%. INCI: Theobroma Cacao Seed Butter; comedogenic rating 4 (approx.); melting point 34 to 38 °C; shelf life 24 months or more.
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Cupuacu Butter
Cupuacu is a soft Amazonian butter related to cocoa, known for absorbing water well in emulsions. It has a faint cocoa like scent. Typical fatty acids: oleic 38 to 45%, linoleic 2 to 5%, palmitic 7 to 9%, stearic 30 to 35%; arachidic 10 to 11%. INCI: Theobroma Grandiflorum Seed Butter; melting point 30 to 35 °C (approx.); shelf life 24 months or more.
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Kokum Butter
Kokum is one of the hardest natural butters, with stearic acid above 50%. It adds structure to lip balms and bars without a strong scent. Typical fatty acids: oleic 35 to 42%, palmitic 2 to 5%, stearic 50 to 60%. INCI: Garcinia Indica Seed Butter; melting point 38 to 42 °C; shelf life 24 months or more.
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Kukui Nut Butter
Kukui nut oil is liquid at room temperature, so the fatty acid profile of a kukui butter depends on how it is structured. Use the batch specification for composition and melting point. INCI: Aleurites Moluccana Seed Butter; shelf life 12 months.
Macadamia Butter
Macadamia oil is liquid at room temperature, so the fatty acid profile of a macadamia butter depends on how it is structured. Use the batch specification for composition and melting point. INCI: Macadamia Integrifolia Seed Butter; shelf life 12 months.
Mafura Butter
Mafura is a soft Southern African butter used in body and hair care. Published composition data varies, so use the batch COA. INCI: Trichilia Emetica Seed Butter; shelf life 24 months or more.
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Mango Butter
Mango butter is softer and less greasy than shea, with a similar oleic and stearic profile. Melting point depends on how the butter is fractionated. Typical fatty acids: oleic 40 to 50%, linoleic 2 to 5%, palmitic 5 to 10%, stearic 35 to 45%. INCI: Mangifera Indica Seed Butter; comedogenic rating 0 to 2 (quotes vary) (approx.); melting point 30 to 36 °C (varies); shelf life 24 months or more.
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Murumuru Butter
Murumuru is a lauric rich palm butter, closer to coconut than shea in composition. It gives a glossy, smooth finish in hair and lip products. Typical fatty acids: oleic 10 to 15%, palmitic 5 to 8%; lauric 40 to 50%; myristic 25 to 30%. INCI: Astrocaryum Murumuru Seed Butter; melting point 30 to 35 °C (approx.); shelf life 24 months or more.
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Shea Butter (Refined)
Refined shea is deodorised and white, so it will not change the scent or colour of a product. It can turn grainy if melted and cooled slowly, which is why it is best cooled quickly. Typical fatty acids: oleic 40 to 55%, linoleic 4 to 8%, palmitic 3 to 8%, stearic 35 to 45%; unsaponifiables typically 4 to 11%. INCI: Butyrospermum Parkii Butter; comedogenic rating 0 (approx.); melting point 32 to 38 °C; shelf life 24 months or more.
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Shea Butter (Unrefined)
Unrefined shea keeps its natural ivory to yellow colour and nutty, smoky scent. The scent varies by origin and batch. Typical fatty acids: oleic 40 to 55%, linoleic 4 to 8%, palmitic 3 to 8%, stearic 35 to 45%; unsaponifiables typically 4 to 11%. INCI: Butyrospermum Parkii Butter; comedogenic rating 0 (approx.); melting point 32 to 38 °C; shelf life 12 to 24 months.
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Almond Butter
This is a soft butter made by blending sweet almond oil with hydrogenated vegetable oil, so it handles like a butter while carrying the character of the oil. The fatty acid profile and melting point depend on the blend ratio, so check the batch specification. INCI: Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Aloe Vera Butter
This is a soft butter made by blending aloe vera leaf extract with hydrogenated vegetable oil, so it handles like a butter while carrying the character of the oil. The fatty acid profile and melting point depend on the blend ratio, so check the batch specification. INCI: Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Apricot Kernel Butter
This is a soft butter made by blending apricot kernel oil with hydrogenated vegetable oil, so it handles like a butter while carrying the character of the oil. The fatty acid profile and melting point depend on the blend ratio, so check the batch specification. INCI: Prunus Armeniaca Kernel Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Argan Butter
This is a soft butter made by blending argan oil with hydrogenated vegetable oil, so it handles like a butter while carrying the character of the oil. The fatty acid profile and melting point depend on the blend ratio, so check the batch specification. INCI: Argania Spinosa Kernel Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Arnica Butter
This is a soft butter made by blending arnica in olive oil with hydrogenated vegetable oil, so it handles like a butter while carrying the character of the oil. The fatty acid profile and melting point depend on the blend ratio, so check the batch specification. INCI: Olea Europaea Fruit Oil, Arnica Montana Flower Extract, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil; shelf life 12 months.
Avocado Butter
This is a soft butter made by blending avocado oil with hydrogenated vegetable oil, so it handles like a butter while carrying the character of the oil. The fatty acid profile and melting point depend on the blend ratio, so check the batch specification. INCI: Persea Gratissima Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil; shelf life 12 months.
Baobab Butter
This is a soft butter made by blending baobab seed oil with hydrogenated vegetable oil, so it handles like a butter while carrying the character of the oil. The fatty acid profile and melting point depend on the blend ratio, so check the batch specification. INCI: Adansonia Digitata Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil; shelf life 12 months.
Black Cumin Butter
This is a soft butter made by blending black cumin seed oil with hydrogenated vegetable oil, so it handles like a butter while carrying the character of the oil. The fatty acid profile and melting point depend on the blend ratio, so check the batch specification. INCI: Nigella Sativa Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil; shelf life 12 months.
Blackcurrant Seed Butter
This is a soft butter made by blending blackcurrant seed oil with hydrogenated vegetable oil, so it handles like a butter while carrying the character of the oil. The fatty acid profile and melting point depend on the blend ratio, so check the batch specification. INCI: Ribes Nigrum Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Borage Butter
This is a soft butter made by blending borage seed oil with hydrogenated vegetable oil, so it handles like a butter while carrying the character of the oil. The fatty acid profile and melting point depend on the blend ratio, so check the batch specification. INCI: Borago Officinalis Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil; shelf life 12 months.
Calendula Butter
This is a soft butter made by blending calendula in olive oil with hydrogenated vegetable oil, so it handles like a butter while carrying the character of the oil. The fatty acid profile and melting point depend on the blend ratio, so check the batch specification. INCI: Olea Europaea Fruit Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil, Tocopherol, Calendula Officinalis Flower Extract; shelf life 12 months.
Camellia Butter
This is a soft butter made by blending camellia oleifera seed oil with hydrogenated vegetable oil, so it handles like a butter while carrying the character of the oil. The fatty acid profile and melting point depend on the blend ratio, so check the batch specification. INCI: Camellia Oleifera Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil; shelf life 12 months.
Carrot Butter
This is a soft butter made by blending carrot seed extract in sunflower oil with hydrogenated vegetable oil, so it handles like a butter while carrying the character of the oil. The fatty acid profile and melting point depend on the blend ratio, so check the batch specification. INCI: Helianthus Annuus Seed Oil, Daucus Carota Sativa Seed Extract, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil, Tocopherol; shelf life 12 months.
Chia Seed Butter
This is a soft butter made by blending chia seed oil with hydrogenated vegetable oil, so it handles like a butter while carrying the character of the oil. The fatty acid profile and melting point depend on the blend ratio, so check the batch specification. INCI: Salvia Hispanica Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil; shelf life 12 months.
Guava Butter
This is a soft butter made by blending guava seed oil with hydrogenated vegetable oil, so it handles like a butter while carrying the character of the oil. The fatty acid profile and melting point depend on the blend ratio, so check the batch specification. INCI: Psidium Guajava Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil; shelf life 12 months.
Hemp Seed Butter
This is a soft butter made by blending hemp seed oil with hydrogenated vegetable oil, so it handles like a butter while carrying the character of the oil. The fatty acid profile and melting point depend on the blend ratio, so check the batch specification. INCI: Cannabis Sativa Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil; shelf life 12 months.
Jojoba Butter
This is a soft butter made by blending jojoba oil with hydrogenated vegetable oil, so it handles like a butter while carrying the character of the oil. The fatty acid profile and melting point depend on the blend ratio, so check the batch specification. INCI: Simmondsia Chinensis Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Kakadu Plum Butter
This is a soft butter made by blending kakadu plum seed oil with hydrogenated vegetable oil, so it handles like a butter while carrying the character of the oil. The fatty acid profile and melting point depend on the blend ratio, so check the batch specification. INCI: Terminalia Ferdinandiana Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Papaya Butter
This is a soft butter made by blending papaya seed oil with hydrogenated vegetable oil, so it handles like a butter while carrying the character of the oil. The fatty acid profile and melting point depend on the blend ratio, so check the batch specification. INCI: Carica Papaya Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Pomegranate Butter
This is a soft butter made by blending pomegranate seed oil with hydrogenated vegetable oil, so it handles like a butter while carrying the character of the oil. The fatty acid profile and melting point depend on the blend ratio, so check the batch specification. INCI: Punica Granatum Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Prickly Pear Butter
This is a soft butter made by blending prickly pear seed oil with hydrogenated vegetable oil, so it handles like a butter while carrying the character of the oil. The fatty acid profile and melting point depend on the blend ratio, so check the batch specification. INCI: Opuntia Ficus-Indica Seed Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Rosehip Butter
This is a soft butter made by blending rosehip oil with hydrogenated vegetable oil, so it handles like a butter while carrying the character of the oil. The fatty acid profile and melting point depend on the blend ratio, so check the batch specification. INCI: Rosa Canina Fruit Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Sea Buckthorn Butter
This is a soft butter made by blending sea buckthorn fruit oil with hydrogenated vegetable oil, so it handles like a butter while carrying the character of the oil. The fatty acid profile and melting point depend on the blend ratio, so check the batch specification. INCI: Hippophae Rhamnoides Fruit Oil, Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Aloe Vera Oil
Aloe vera oil is aloe leaf extract carried in soybean oil, so its fatty acid profile follows the soybean base. INCI: Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Extract, Glycine Soja Oil; comedogenic rating 3 (approx., per base oil); shelf life 12 months (store cool and dark).
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Amla Oil
Amla oil is a traditional Ayurvedic hair oil from Indian gooseberry. Its fatty acid profile depends on how it is made, so use the batch COA. INCI: Phyllanthus Emblica Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Arnica Infused Oil
Arnica infused oil is arnica flowers macerated in olive oil and is a staple of massage and sports rubs. Arnica belongs to the daisy family, so it is for intact skin only and may not suit people sensitive to that plant family. INCI: Olea Europaea Fruit Oil, Arnica Montana Flower Extract; comedogenic rating 2 (approx., per base oil); shelf life 12 months.
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Ashwagandha Oil
Ashwagandha oil is a traditional Ayurvedic root oil. Its fatty acid profile depends on how it is made, so use the batch COA. INCI: Withania Somnifera Root Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Bakuchi (Babchi) Oil
Bakuchi seed oil contains bakuchiol, but the seed also contains psoralens, which are phototoxic. Use it at low levels, avoid leave-on use before sun exposure and check the COA and SDS for furocoumarin content. INCI: Psoralea Corylifolia Seed Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Brahmi Oil
Brahmi oil is a traditional Ayurvedic scalp and hair oil. Its fatty acid profile depends on how it is made, so use the batch COA. INCI: Bacopa Monnieri Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Calendula Infused Oil
Calendula infused oil is marigold petals macerated in olive oil, used in gentle balms, baby style products and body oils. Its profile follows the olive base. INCI: Olea Europaea Fruit Oil, Calendula Officinalis Flower Extract; comedogenic rating 2 (approx., per base oil); shelf life 12 months.
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Carrot Oil
SSC's carrot oil is carrot seed extract carried in sunflower oil with vitamin E. It is not carrot seed essential oil, which is a different, steam-distilled material. INCI: Helianthus Annuus Seed Oil, Daucus Carota Sativa Seed Extract, Tocopherol; comedogenic rating 0 to 2 (approx., per base oil); shelf life 12 months (store cool and dark).
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Daisy Flower Oil
Daisy flower oil is Bellis perennis blossoms infused in sunflower oil, used in face oils aimed at a brighter looking complexion. Its fatty acid profile follows the sunflower base. INCI: Bellis Perennis Flower Extract, Helianthus Annuus Seed Oil; comedogenic rating 0 to 2 (approx., per base oil); shelf life 12 months (store cool and dark).
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Garlic Oil
Garlic oil carries sulfur compounds with a very strong odour and can irritate skin if used undiluted. Patch test and keep levels low. INCI: Allium Sativum Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Gotu Kola Oil
Gotu kola oil is a Centella asiatica herbal oil. Its fatty acid profile depends on how it is made, so use the batch COA. INCI: Centella Asiatica Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Onion Oil
Onion oil is a hair care oil with a strong sulfur odour. Its fatty acid profile depends on how it is made, so use the batch COA. INCI: Allium Cepa Bulb Oil; shelf life 12 months.
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Saffron Oil
Saffron oil is saffron flower extract blended into sweet almond oil, so it follows the almond profile and carries the same nut allergy note. INCI: Crocus Sativus Flower Extract, Prunus Amygdalus Dulcis Oil; comedogenic rating 2 (approx., per base oil); shelf life 12 months.
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Vanilla Infused Oil
Vanilla infused oil is vanilla bean extract carried in jojoba, which gives a warm scent with the stability of a jojoba base. INCI: Simmondsia Chinensis Oil, Vanilla Planifolia Extract; comedogenic rating 2 (approx., per base oil); shelf life 24 months or more.
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Frequently asked questions
What is the least comedogenic carrier oil?
Argan, hemp seed and safflower oil are commonly rated 0 on the 0 to 5 comedogenic scale, and sunflower oil is usually quoted at 0 to 2. Among butters, shea butter is commonly rated 0. These ratings are approximate and come from older tests on pure materials, so the finished formula matters more than any single number.
What is the highest linoleic acid oil?
High linoleic safflower oil is the highest in this library at about 68 to 83% linoleic acid. Evening primrose (65 to 80%), guava seed (70 to 80%), maracuja (65 to 75%) and grapeseed (58 to 78%) follow. High linoleic oils feel light but oxidise faster than oleic rich oils.
How long does rosehip oil last?
Rosehip oil has a 12 month shelf life when stored in the fridge after opening, tightly closed and away from light. Its high linoleic (35 to 50%) and alpha-linolenic (20 to 35%) content makes it more delicate than oleic rich oils, so refrigeration keeps it at its best. Whatever the date, if an oil smells sharp, fishy or like old paint it has oxidised and should not be used.
Which carrier oils contain GLA (gamma-linolenic acid)?
Borage seed oil is the richest at about 18 to 25% GLA, followed by blackcurrant seed oil (14 to 20%) and evening primrose oil (8 to 14%). Hemp seed oil carries a smaller amount, about 1 to 4%. All four are delicate and best stored cold.
What is the melting point of shea butter?
Shea butter typically melts at about 32 to 38 °C, close to skin temperature. For comparison, cocoa butter melts at 34 to 38 °C, kokum butter at 38 to 42 °C and coconut oil at about 24 °C. Shea can turn grainy if it is melted and cooled slowly, so cool it quickly after heating.
Which carrier oils have the longest shelf life?
Jojoba, MCT oil, meadowfoam seed oil and castor oil are the most stable liquid oils in this library, typically lasting 24 months or more when stored cool and dark. Coconut oil, cocoa butter and shea butter are similarly stable. Oils high in alpha-linolenic acid, such as flaxseed, chia and kiwi seed, are the most delicate, so refrigerate them after opening to keep them fresh for their 12 month shelf life. Any oil that smells sharp or rancid has oxidised and should not be used.
Sources and method
Values in this library are typical ranges compiled from well-known reference sources and SSC supplier documentation. They are a starting point for formulation and comparison, not a specification. Where published data is limited, or where a product is a blend or herbal oil, we show "varies" rather than estimate a figure.
- Codex Alimentarius, Standard for Named Vegetable Oils (CXS 210-1999), for fatty acid ranges of major oils.
- Firestone D., Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Oils, Fats, and Waxes, AOCS Press.
- Published peer-reviewed fatty acid composition studies for individual seed, nut and fruit oils.
- Fulton J.E., Comedogenicity and irritancy of commonly used ingredients in skin care products, Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Chemists, 1989, the basis of most commonly quoted comedogenic ratings.
- Supplier certificates of analysis (COA), technical data sheets (TDS) and safety data sheets (SDS) for SSC stock.
Shelf life and usage figures are typical guides for cosmetic use and are not a substitute for stability testing and a safety assessment of your finished formula. Last reviewed October 2026.